Under-Construction Property and Builder Delays: How NRIs File RERA Complaints From Abroad
You bought an under-construction flat in India, the builder blew past the possession date, and from 8,000 miles away you cannot walk the site, sit in his office, or chase him in person.
Project delays are the most common complaint from NRI investors. Distance makes it worse. You wired the money on a payment plan, the completion date came and went, the builder sends a new "expected" date every quarter, and you have no way to verify whether the project is moving or stalled. The law gives you a real lever, and you can pull it without flying to India. This guide explains what the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act 2016 (RERA) entitles you to, how you file from abroad, and what you can recover.
What RERA gives you when the builder is late
Section 18 of the RERA Act 2016 is the section that matters for a delayed flat. It gives you a choice the moment the builder fails to hand over possession by the date in your agreement:
- Withdraw and take a full refund with interest. You exit the project and claim back every rupee you paid, plus interest on that amount from the date you paid it.
- Stay and claim interest for every month of delay. If you still want the flat, you keep your booking and the builder owes you interest for each month from the promised possession date until he hands over the keys.
You pick. The builder does not. Section 18 is written as an unqualified right. If he fails to complete or to give possession by the agreed date, the obligation to refund or to pay monthly interest follows. The Supreme Court has held this right to be absolute and unconditional. You do not have to prove fault or negligence. The missed date is enough.
The interest rate is fixed, and it is not trivial
The rate is not whatever the builder wrote into your one-sided agreement. State RERA rules fix it. Across most states the formula is the State Bank of India's highest Marginal Cost of Lending Rate (MCLR) plus 2 percent. Rule 18 of the Maharashtra RERA Rules 2017 states it in those exact terms. The same rate runs both ways: the builder pays you that rate on delay, and you owe the same rate on any default of yours.
SBI's highest MCLR sat at 8.80 percent in mid-2026. That puts the delay interest at 10.80 percent per year, paid for each month the flat is late. On a 1 crore flat that is about 10.8 lakh a year while you wait. That number is what makes a builder settle.
You do not need to be in India, and you do not need a lawyer
Section 31 of the Act lets "any aggrieved person" file a complaint with the state RERA Authority. An NRI allottee is an aggrieved person. Your residence abroad changes nothing about your standing.
Three things make this workable from another country:
- It is online. You file on the state RERA portal by creating an account and submitting the prescribed complaint form (Form A on MahaRERA). You upload your allotment letter, the builder-buyer agreement, your payment receipts, and the bank statements that show what you paid. The filing fee runs from about 1,000 rupees in Karnataka to 5,000 rupees in Maharashtra, depending on the state.
- A lawyer is optional. RERA was built so an ordinary buyer can file without counsel. MahaRERA states the complainant may appear in person or appoint an advocate, a chartered accountant, or any other person to appear on their behalf. Many NRIs hire a lawyer because the back-and-forth is easier to run from India. You are not required to.
- You can act through a representative. Appoint someone in India through a registered power of attorney to file and appear for you. If your representative is an advocate, you upload a vakalatnama. If not, MahaRERA accepts an authority letter under Form 6 of its General Regulations 2017. Execute the POA right: notarise it where you live, then have it attested at the Indian Embassy or Consulate, so it holds up in India. A clean POA is also where this can go wrong, which is why our guide on power-of-attorney misuse is worth a read before you sign one.
You can attend the hearing from your living room
Several state RERAs hear complaints over video. MahaRERA moved hearings to video conferencing under Circular 27/2020 and has kept that route open, with physical hearings only when a bench calls for one. Karnataka's K-RERA portal lets NRIs file online and attend by video conference. This is the part that closes the distance problem. You can argue your own delay case from Dubai or New Jersey without a single flight.
Check your specific state. Video hearings are common but not universal, and the rule varies by authority. If your state does not offer it, this is the one task where your India-based representative earns their fee.
How the process runs, end to end
- File the complaint on the state portal under Section 31, with your documents and the relief you want: refund with interest, or monthly delay interest.
- The Authority hears it. RERA authorities are meant to dispose of complaints inside 60 days, though real timelines run longer. The Authority can order the refund or the running interest and direct the builder to pay.
- Compensation goes to an adjudicating officer. If you claim compensation on top of interest, Section 71 routes that to a separate adjudicating officer who decides the amount. He hears claims under Sections 12, 14, 18, and 19.
- Either side can appeal. An appeal goes to the Real Estate Appellate Tribunal under Sections 43 and 44, and it must be filed within 60 days of the order. A builder who appeals a money order has to pre-deposit a chunk of it first under Section 43(5), which discourages stalling appeals.
What this does not fix on its own
RERA gives you the order. Collecting on it is a separate fight. A builder who is out of cash can be late paying even after he loses. The order is enforceable as a decree, and authorities can attach property to recover, but enforcement takes follow-through on the ground in India. This is the gap distance reopens: someone has to keep showing up.
Two checks before you ever reach a complaint:
- Confirm the project is RERA-registered. Section 18 relief runs against registered projects. The registration number is searchable on the state portal. If a builder sold you an unregistered project, that is a different and worse problem, and one of the patterns we cover in NRI property scams in India.
- Watch the build, not just the brochure. The reason delays surprise NRIs is that nobody verifies progress against the promised milestones. Independent eyes on the site turn a "we're almost done" email into a dated photo of an empty floor. That is the same trust gap that drives why NRIs don't trust property managers in the first place.
If you are still in the buying stage, our guide on buying property in India as an NRI covers how to vet the builder and the registration before you commit a rupee.
FAQ
Can an NRI file a RERA complaint from abroad? Yes. Section 31 of the RERA Act lets any aggrieved person file, and an NRI allottee qualifies. You file online on the state RERA portal, upload your agreement and payment proof, and pay a fee of about 1,000 to 5,000 rupees. A lawyer is not mandatory, and you can act through a registered power of attorney holder in India.
What can I do if my builder in India is delaying possession? File a complaint under Section 18 of the RERA Act with your state RERA Authority. Once the builder misses the agreed possession date, you can either exit with a full refund plus interest, or keep the flat and claim interest for every month of delay. The rate is fixed by state rules, usually SBI's highest MCLR plus 2 percent.
How does an NRI claim a refund for a stalled project? Choose the refund option under Section 18 in your RERA complaint. You claim back the full amount you paid the builder, plus interest at the prescribed rate from each payment date. File on the state portal with your booking, agreement, and bank records. The Authority can order the refund, and for added compensation an adjudicating officer decides the amount under Section 71.
Can I attend a RERA hearing online from abroad? In several states, yes. MahaRERA hears complaints by video conferencing under Circular 27/2020, and Karnataka's K-RERA allows online filing and video hearings. Availability varies by state, so confirm with your authority. Where video hearings are not offered, your India-based power of attorney holder or advocate can appear for you in person.
Get someone on the ground while the case runs
A RERA order is only as good as the follow-through behind it. 66 MG Road puts one vetted manager on your property, sends dated photo proof so you see real progress instead of a builder's promise, bills you itemized with no markup games, and routes any rent to your NRO account. We operate in Mumbai, Pune, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, and Gurgaon. If a builder is dragging his feet, you want eyes on the site and someone who shows up. See what we do or request a proposal.
Saurabh Garg, founder, 66 MG Road
Sources
- Section 18 of RERA, allottee's right to refund with interest or interest for delay (AZB & Partners): https://www.azbpartners.com/bank/delayed-possession-legal-actions-homebuyers-and-allottees-can-initiate/
- Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016, overview (Wikipedia): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Estate_(Regulation_and_Development)_Act,_2016
- Maharashtra RERA Rules 2017, Rule 18, interest at SBI highest MCLR plus 2 percent (IBC Laws): https://ibclaw.in/maharashtra-real-estate-regulation-and-developmentregistration-of-real-estate-projects-registration-of-real-estate-agents-rates-of-interest-and-disclosures-on-website-rules-2017/
- SBI MCLR rates by tenure, current lending rate (BankBazaar): https://www.bankbazaar.com/home-loan/sbi-mclr-base-rate.html
- Complaint Filing under a Registered Project, Section 31, Form A, representation under Form 6 (MahaRERA official portal): https://maharera.maharashtra.gov.in/complaint-filing-under-registered-project
- Guidelines on hearing of complaints via video conferencing, MahaRERA Circular 27/2020 (TaxGuru): https://taxguru.in/corporate-law/guidelines-regarding-hearing-complaint-filed-maharera.html
- How to file a complaint against a builder under RERA from abroad, NRI process and POA (Sheokand Legal): https://sheokandlegal.com/articles/how-to-file-a-complaint-against-a-builder-under-rera-from-abroad/
- How to file a RERA complaint in Karnataka, K-RERA online filing and video hearings (One City Property): https://www.onecityproperty.com/news/how-to-file-rera-complaint-karnataka-2026
- RERA complaint procedure 2026, online filing, fees, forms, and appeal route (iPleaders): https://blog.ipleaders.in/rera-complaint-procedure-2026-step-by-step-guide/
- Real Estate Appellate Tribunal, Sections 43 and 44, 60-day appeal window (Lawbhoomi): https://lawbhoomi.com/real-estate-appellate-tribunal/
- Adjudicating Officer's power under Section 71 to award compensation and interest (Abcaus): https://abcaus.in/rera/adjudicating-officer-rera-power-us-71-award-compensation-interest.html